What is CKD?
Based on the criteria in American Kidney Foundation drafted in 2002, patients who occupy either the following two condition are diagnosed with CKD.
1. Kidney damage lasts more than three months, including abnormal blood and urine, or there is abnormality in iconography examination, nosology examination，with or without GFR declines.
2. GFR(glomerulai filtration rate) is less than 60 ml/min·1.73：㎡ for more than three months, with or without renal damage evidence.
Note: till now, international kidney medical field has accepted the above-mentioned criteria.
Symptoms in different stages of CKD
Stage 1: GFR is normal, more than 90ml/min·1.73 ㎡. Evidence which shows that other renal damage can be found out. Usually, patients cannot feel any discomfort or show any symptoms. They only have risk of high blood pressure.
Stage 2: GFR is mildly decreased, 60-90 ml/min·1.73 ㎡. Evidence which shows that other renal damage can also beChecked out. In this stage, patients often have had hypertension(high blood pressure), and parathyrin(PTH)increases slightly.
Stage 3: GFR is moderately decreased, 30-59 ml/min·1.73 ㎡. In this stage, hypertension(high blood pressure) is common. The absorbtion of calcium decreased, the discharge of phosphorus is also decreased, parathyrin(PTH)increases more obviously. The metabolism of lipoprotein changes, the intake of spontaneous protein is decreased, and renal anemia appears. And ventriculus sinister becomes hypertrophic.
Stage 4: GFR is severely decreased, 15-29 ml/min·1.73 ㎡. The above mentioned systems becomes more obvious and metabolic acidosis and Hyperkalemia appear. In addition, sexual desire decreases.
Stage 5 Renal Failure. GFR is less than 15 ml/min·1.73 ㎡. All the above mentioned symptoms become severer. Water and sodium retention caused by heart failure appears as well. Patients have poor appetite, vomiting, itch in skin although they do not have skin disease.
Any questions please consult the experts online or email to: hhey365@yahoo.cn
